NECO Areas Of Concentration For Commerce 2025/2026

The NECO Areas Of Concentration For Commerce 2025/2026 is crucial for candidates preparing for the examination. Many aspirants have been seeking guidance on the syllabus to ensure proper preparation.

We Have compiled all the necessary information for NECO Commerce, including a comprehensive guide to help candidates succeed in the exam.

This guide also addresses inquiries about other NECO Areas OF Concentration/syllabi, such as those for Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Government, Christian Religious Knowledge (CRK), Mathematics, and Economics for the 2025/2026 session.

NECO Areas Of Concentration For Commerce 2025/2026

Introduction

• Definition of Commerce and E-Commerce
• History/Background of Commerce
• Scope of Commerce and E-Commerce
• Functions of Commerce and E-Commerce

Occupation

• Meaning and Types: Industrial, Commercial, Service
• Factors determining types of occupation
• Career Opportunities

Production

• Meaning and Factors: Land, Labour, Capital, Entrepreneurship
• Types: Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
• Division of Labour/Specialization: Meaning, Types, Advantages/Disadvantages
• Inter-relationship between Production and Exchange

Business Units

• Meaning and Objectives
• Forms: Sole Proprietorship, Partnership, Co-operatives, Credit Union, Public Enterprises, Companies
• Characteristics, Formation, Advantages/Disadvantages
• Sources of Capital for Business Units
• Amalgamations, Mergers, Trusts, Holding Companies
• Dissolution/Liquidation of Companies/Partnerships

Trade Associations

• Aims and Functions: Trade Association, Chamber of Commerce, Employers Association, Consumer Associations

Business Capital and Profits

• Types of Capital: Authorized, Paid-up, Liquid, etc.
• Credit: Meaning, Sources, Instruments, Functions
• Working Capital, Profit Calculation
• Turnover: Meaning, Calculations, Factors

Trade

• Home Trade
  • Retail Trade: Functions, Types, Retail Outlets, Success/Failure Factors
  • Wholesale Trade: Functions, Types of Wholesalers
  • Channels of Distribution
• Foreign Trade
  • Types: Import, Export, Entreport
  • International Trade Concepts: Balance of Trade, Terms of Trade, Bilateral/Multilateral Agreements
  • Barriers and Tariffs
  • Functions of Port Authorities, Customs, Clearing Agents

Purchase and Sale of Goods

• Procedures and Documents: Orders, Invoices, Credit Notes
• Price Quotations and Terms of Payment: Cash, COD, CIF, FOB, etc.
• Means of Payment: Bank Notes, Cheques, Money Orders, E-payment

• Finance and Financial Institutions
• Commodity Exchange: Meaning, Importance, Transport Forms
• Money: Meaning, Evolution, Forms, Functions
• Banks: Types (Central Bank, Commercial Banks, etc.), E-Banking
• Insurance: Types (Life, Non-Life), Principles, Risk Types, Importance
• Capital Market: Methods of Raising Funds, Stock Exchange, Speculators, Types of Securities.